If you’re building a home or an office in an area without access to public sewer and water, chances are you’ll need a septic system. A properly designed and installed septic system ensures efficient waste management, protects the environment and complies with local regulations.
But how can you find the best septic system installer for the job?
When hiring a septic system professional, look for licensed, insured and certified contractors. Check their credentials and ask for references from previous clients. You can verify licenses through the state licensing board or department of health. Consider the company’s experience with your specific property type and soil conditions.
Request detailed quotes and timelines from multiple providers. Compare their approaches to design, materials and maintenance plans. For more information on septic system basics, visit the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Assessing Your Septic System Needs
Proper assessment of your septic system requirements is crucial for long-term functionality and compliance. You’ll need to consider system size, soil conditions and local regulations to ensure an effective installation.
Determining the Right Size and Type of Septic System
Your septic system’s size depends on your property’s daily wastewater production. For example, a typical three-bedroom home requires a 1,000-gallon tank.
You’ll also want to take time to understand the different types of systems, which include:
- Conventional gravity systems
- Pressure distribution systems
- Mound systems
- Aerobic treatment units
Each type suits different soil conditions and property layouts. The septic system professionals you contact should be able to advise you on the best system for your needs.
Understanding Soil and Site Requirements
Soil type and drainage capabilities significantly impact septic system performance. A percolation (perc) test evaluates soil absorption rates. This test involves:
- Digging holes in the proposed drain field area
- Filling them with water
- Measuring the water level drop over time
Results determine if your soil can effectively treat wastewater. Clay soils may require alternative systems, while sandy soils often support conventional setups.
Your property’s slope, water table depth and proximity to water bodies are factors that influence system placement and design.
Local Regulations and Permitting Process
Familiarize yourself with local septic system regulations. These often cover:
- Minimum tank sizes
- Setback distances from property lines and water sources
- Inspection requirements
Your septic system installer should obtain necessary permits before installation. This typically involves:
- Submitting system design plans
- Scheduling site inspections
- Paying required fees
Check with your local health department or environmental agency for specific requirements. Compliance ensures your system meets safety and environmental standards.
Selecting a Septic Company
Choosing the right company for your septic system installation is important for long-term performance and compliance. Key factors to consider include experience, credentials and accurate estimates.
Evaluating Experience and Expertise
Look for companies with extensive experience in septic system design and installation. Ask about their track record with systems like the system needed for your property. Request references from past clients and check online reviews.
Experience matters because septic systems require precise engineering and installation. A seasoned team can navigate challenges like soil conditions, property layout and local regulations.
Inquire about their design capabilities. Do they offer custom solutions? Can they handle both residential and commercial projects?
Licensing, Insurance and Certification
Always hire a licensed contractor for septic work. Check their credentials with your state’s licensing board. Ensure the company is fully insured, including liability and workers’ compensation coverage.
Look for certifications from industry organizations. These show commitment to ongoing education and best practices.
Ask about their familiarity with local codes and permit processes. A reputable company will handle all necessary paperwork and inspections.
Accurate Estimate and Timeline
Request detailed written quotes from multiple companies. Compare the scope of work, materials and warranties offered. Be wary of estimates significantly lower than others. This may indicate cut corners or hidden costs.
Discuss the project timeline. Ask about potential delays and how they’re handled.
Get clarity on payment terms and any financing options available.
Consider the long-term costs, including maintenance and potential repairs. A quality installation may cost more up front but save money over time.
Installation Process and Considerations
Proper installation of a septic system requires careful planning and execution. The process involves several key steps and important decisions to ensure a functional and long-lasting system.
Excavation and Construction
Excavation begins with marking utility lines and obtaining necessary permits. A skilled excavator will dig the area for the septic tank and drain field, ensuring proper depth and slope. This phase requires precision to avoid damaging underground utilities or compromising soil stability.
During construction, the tank’s foundation is prepared using gravel or concrete. The tank is then carefully lowered into place, ensuring it’s level and properly oriented. Connections for inlet and outlet pipes are made, and risers may be installed for easier access to the tank in the future.
It’s crucial to protect the excavated area from heavy rainfall and machinery to prevent soil compaction or cave-ins. The construction site should be secured to prevent accidents.
Material Choices and Equipment Use
Selecting appropriate materials is vital for system longevity. Concrete, fiberglass and plastic tanks are common options, each with unique benefits. Concrete offers durability but may crack over time. Fiberglass and plastic are lightweight and resistant to corrosion.
Piping materials must withstand soil pressure and prevent root intrusion. PVC or ABS pipes are typically used for their strength and resistance to chemicals.
Equipment selection is crucial for efficient installation. Backhoes or excavators are used for digging, while laser levels ensure proper grading. Pumps may be needed to manage groundwater during installation.
Safety equipment like trench boxes protects workers from cave-ins during deep excavations. Proper tools for pipe fitting and tank placement are essential for a secure installation.
Drain Field Placement and Tank Installation
Drain field placement requires careful consideration of soil type, slope and distance from water sources. Percolation tests determine soil absorption rates, influencing the drain field size and design.
The drain field typically consists of perforated pipes laid in gravel-filled trenches. These pipes distribute wastewater evenly for natural filtration through the soil. Proper spacing between trenches is crucial for efficient operation.
Tank installation involves setting the tank at the correct depth and angle. Proper backfilling around the tank prevents shifting and ensures stability. The tank’s inlet and outlet pipes must be correctly aligned with the house sewer line and drain field.
Baffles or tees are installed inside the tank to prevent scum and solids from entering the drain field. Risers and lids are securely attached, providing easy access for future maintenance while preventing unauthorized entry.
For more information on septic system installation, visit the EPA’s septic systems webpage.
Regulations specific to the state of Pennsylvania can be found on the Department of Environmental Protection website.
The Pennsylvania Septic Management Association offers a resource for finding septic service providers on its website, psma.net.
Post-Installation: Maintenance and Repairs
Proper maintenance and timely repairs are important for the longevity and efficiency of your septic system. Regular upkeep prevents costly issues and ensures compliance with local regulations. Understanding the maintenance schedule, recognizing repair needs and budgeting for ongoing costs are essential aspects of septic system ownership.
Understanding Septic System Maintenance and Pumping
Routine maintenance is key to your septic system’s health. Schedule regular pumping every 3-5 years, depending on household size and usage. During pumping, a professional will remove sludge and scum from your tank.
Between pumpings, practice water conservation and avoid flushing non-biodegradable items. Use septic-safe cleaning products to protect beneficial bacteria in your tank. Consider installing effluent filters to prevent solids from entering the drain field.
Maintain proper landscaping around your system. Avoid planting trees near the drain field and direct runoff away from the area. Regular inspections can catch minor issues before they become major problems.
For more information on septic maintenance, visit the EPA’s Septic Systems website: https://www.epa.gov/septic
Repairs and When to Call a Professional
Be alert to signs of septic system problems:
- Slow draining sinks or toilets
- Gurgling sounds in plumbing
- Sewage odors indoors or outdoors
- Wet spots in the yard
- Backing up of sewage in toilets or drains
If you notice these issues, contact a licensed septic professional immediately. Attempting DIY repairs can worsen the problem and may violate local regulations.
Keep detailed records of all maintenance and repairs. This documentation is valuable for future service calls and property transactions. When hiring a repair service, be sure they’re licensed and experienced with your specific type of septic system.
The Costs of Ongoing Maintenance and Potential Repairs
Budget for regular maintenance to avoid unexpected expenses. Annual inspections typically cost $200-$400. Pumping fees range from $300-$600, depending on tank size and accessibility.
Repair costs vary widely based on the issue.
Consider a maintenance contract with a reputable company to manage ongoing care and potentially reduce long-term costs. Some homeowners insurance policies cover septic system repairs, so review your coverage options.
Invest in preventative measures like water conservation fixtures and septic-safe products to minimize wear on your system and extend its lifespan.